A reusable planar triggered spark-gap switch batched-fabricated with PCB technology for medium-and low-voltage pulse power systems

Triggered spark-gap switch is a popular discharge switch for pulse power systems. Previous studies have focused on planarizing this switch using thin film techniques in order to meet the requirements of compact size in the systems. Such switches are one-shot due to electrodes being too thin to sufficiently resist spark-erosion. Additionally, these switches did not employ any structures in securing internal gas composition, resulting in inconsistent performance under harsh atmospheres. In this work, a novel planar triggered spark-gap switch (PTS) with a hermetically sealed cavity was batched-prepared with printed circuit board (PCB) technology, to achieve reusability with low cost. The proposed PTS was inspected by micro-computed tomography to ensure PCB techniques meet the requirements of machining precision. The results from electrical experiments demonstrated that PCB PTS were consistent and reusable with lifespan over 20 times. The calculated switch voltage and circuit current were consistent with those derived from real-world measurements. Finally, PCB PTS was used to introduce hexanitrostilbene (HNS) pellets in a pulse power system to verify its performance.     

Research on fuze microswitch based on corona discharge effect

Abnormal voltages such as electrostatic, constant current, and strong electromagnetic signals can erro-neously trigger operation of MEMS pyrotechnics and control systems in a fuze, which may result in casualties. This study designs a solid-state micro-scale switch by combining the corona gas discharge theory of asymmetric electric fields and Peek's Law. The MEMS switch can be transferred from "off" to"on" through the gas breakdown between the corona electrodes. In the model, one of the two electrodes is spherical and the other flat, so a non-uniform electric field is formed around the electrodes. The theoretical work is as follows. First, the relation among the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode, the discharge gap, and the air breakdown voltage is obtained; to meet the low voltage (30-60 V) required to drive the MEMS switch, the radius of curvature of the spherical electrode needs to be 10-50 μm and the discharge gap between the two electrodes needs to be 9-11 μm. Second, the optimal ratio ε is introduced to parameterize the model. Finally, the corona discharge structural parameters are determined by comparing the theoretical and electric field simulation results. The switch is then fabricated via MEMS processing. A hardware test platform is built and the performing chip tested. It is found that when the electrode gap is 9 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 37.3 V, with an error of 2.6% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. When the electrode gap is 11 μm, the electrostatic voltage is at least 42.3 V, with an error of 10.5% between the actual and theoretical air breakdown voltages. Both cases meet the design requirements.     

电晕放电辐射场若干特性分析

为了研究电晕放电辐射场若干特性,首先进行了电晕放电时电晕电流的理论分析,研究了电晕电流的波形随电压变化情况。然后在采用针-板电极物理实验模型的基础上进行了电晕放电实验研究,分析了放电针上的充电电压对脉冲电流的影响,并确定了辐射场随传播距离的变化规律以及放电重复率随电压的变化情况。实验结果发现,当针为负极性时先发生放电,但正极性下先发生火花放电;电晕放电辐射场与距离成反比关系;放电重复率随着电压的增大而增大。     

电晕放电辐射信号分析的小波基函数选取

研究电晕放电辐射信号既有利于消除其危害又有助于加强对其利用。针对小波变换提出在不同情况下对不同类型的电晕放电进行分析时,选取小波基函数的方法,理论上可以通过信号与小波波形的匹配或者通过计算信号与小波相关系数的方法来确定,而在不确定放电类型时可进行实际分析。     

对空气静电放电的频域研究

利用辐射电磁场的推迟势方程对空气静电放电的电磁场频谱进行了理论推导,对放电电流峰值和金属小环上的耦合电压峰-峰值进行了测量,使用数字存储示波器记录了放电电流和耦合电压的波形。利用测量结果对静电放电的电磁场频谱进行了理论计算,比较了不同放电电压下耦合电压的幅度谱和功率谱,结果表明:空气静电放电的能量主要集中在直流到2.0 GHz的频段内。     

航天服静电放电点燃能力实验研究

人—航天服系统产生的静电放电能否引燃航天服关系到载人航天飞机的安全性。通过实验研究了在纯氧和普通大气条件下 ,静电放电对各种航天服的引燃能力。实验表明 ,在普通大气条件下 ,静电放电不能引燃航天服材料。在纯氧条件下 ,点燃航天服材料所需的静电能量与静电放电的模型有关 ,机器模型的引燃能力最强。静电放电航天服点燃航天服材料所需的最小能量为 4 8mJ。     

接近速度和放电电压对空气式静电放电参数的影响

对影响空气式静电放电的一个重要因素——电弧结构进行了理论分析。在此基础上，利用新研制成功的静电放电模拟测试系统，分析了接近速度和放电电压对静电放电电流峰值、上升时间以及感应电压峰-峰值的影响。试验得出，在放电电压一定的情况下，放电电流峰值和感应电压峰-峰值随接近速度的增大而增大；上升时间随接近速度的增大而减小。这些试验结果为建立静电放电抗扰度试验新方法提供了依据。     

E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的静电防护电路设计

为提升E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的抗静电能力,在分析放大器3个端口电路结构的基础上,兼顾静电保护效果、电路尺寸、微波特性与被保护电路的有机结合,提出基于PIN二极管作为基本组成元件的微波宽带放大器静电保护电路的设计方法和思路,并研制出实物样品.通过试验对比放大器改进前后的电性能和抗静电能力,其结果表明:改进后样品的微波特性满足规范要求、抗静电能力由500V提高到2 000V.该设计方法和思路在保障放大器电特性的基础上,提升了放大器的抗静电能力.     

并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器工作特性

等离子体合成射流激励器凭借射流速度高、工作频带宽、响应迅速等优势在高速流场主动流动控制领域具有良好的应用前景。为了克服单个激励器控制能力弱、控制范围窄的缺点,开展了并联放电等离子体合成射流激励器的研究,搭建了最多支持三路并联放电的微秒脉冲电源。测试结果表明,电源在空载及负载条件下可以实现1000 Hz稳定放电。随着放电电容的增大,放电电能的提高,等离子体电弧的温度升高,激励器腔体内气体被加热得更剧烈,产生的射流速度增大。随着工作频率的提高,激励器的击穿电压降低,放电电能减小,射流速度减小。通过对触发信号的调制,可以实现每个激励器的独立控制,使得并联式激励器具有更强的流动控制灵活性。试验结果显示,激励器工作相位与触发相位具有较好的对应关系。     

电晕放电若干特性的实验研究

为研究空中带高压物体的电晕放电辐射信号特征,采用组建的静电放电测试系统对电晕电流及其辐射信号进行了实验研究。实验表明：电晕放电脉冲波形具有明显的极性效应。负极性下先发生电晕放电,且电流波形的上升时间小于正电晕电流;电晕放电信号波形前沿陡峭,上升时间从几个ns到二十几个ns;电晕放电辐射信号的频谱成钟型连续谱,其频率范围主要集中在20～100MHz之间;极性不同,电晕放电辐射信号波形不同,并且正电晕信号幅值高于负电晕信号幅值。